1)Horticulture is best described as the science and art of cultivating:
A) Large-scale cereal crops
B) Forest trees for timber
C) Plants, especially fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants
D) Livestock for food production
Answer: C
2)The branch of horticulture that deals with the cultivation of vegetables is known as:
A) Pomology
B) Floriculture
C) Olericulture
D) Viticulture
Answer: C
3)Which of the following is NOT a major branch of horticulture?
A) Landscape Horticulture
B) Postharvest Physiology
C) Agronomy
D) Floriculture
Answer: C
4)The study and cultivation of fruits is called:
A) Olericulture
B) Pomology
C) Arboriculture
D) Sericulture
Answer: B
5)Which horticultural branch focuses on the management of plants after harvest?
A) Floriculture
B) Landscape Horticulture
C) Postharvest Physiology
D) Olericulture
Answer: C
6)Which characteristic is most important when selecting seeds for planting?
A) High cost
B) Large size only
C) High viability and germination rate
D) Unusual color
Answer: C
7)Seeds that produce plants identical to the parent plant when self-pollinated are typically:
A) Hybrid seeds
B) F1 seeds
C) Open-pollinated seeds
D) Genetically modified seeds
Answer: C
8)What is the primary advantage of raising seedlings in a nursery compared to direct sowing?
A) It requires less water.
B) It provides better control over environmental conditions and protects young plants.
C) It eliminates the need for fertilizers.
D) It always results in larger fruits.
Answer: B
9)Which of the following is an ideal growing medium component for seedling production due to its good aeration and water retention?
A) Heavy clay soil
B) Pure sand
C) Peat moss or coco-peat
D) Gravel
Answer: C
10)What is 'hardening off' seedlings?
A) Applying a hardening agent to their stems
B) Gradually exposing them to outdoor conditions before transplanting
C) Storing them in a cold room for several weeks
D) Cutting off their leaves to make them stronger
Answer: B
11)A low germination rate in a seed lot indicates:
A) High seed viability
B) Good seed quality
C) Poor seed viability
D) Resistance to diseases
Answer: C
12)Why is disease-free seed selection important?
A) It ensures faster growth.
B) It prevents the spread of pathogens to new crops.
C) It makes the plants taste better.
D) It makes the seeds germinate faster.
Answer: B
13)What is direct sowing?
A) Planting seedlings directly into pots.
B) Sowing seeds directly into the final growing location.
C) Sowing seeds in a greenhouse.
D) Sowing seeds into a seedbed.
Answer: B
14)Which factor is crucial for successful seed germination?
A) Absolute darkness
B) Optimal temperature, moisture, and oxygen
C) Continuous strong wind
D) Deep planting for all seeds
Answer: B
15)Hybrid (F1) seeds are typically created by:
A) Self-pollinating a single plant repeatedly
B) Crossing two distinct parent lines
C) Growing plants from cuttings
D) Exposing seeds to radiation
Answer: B
16)Why is soil testing an important first step in soil preparation?
A) It tells you the color of the soil.
B) It determines nutrient levels, pH, and soil type.
C) It predicts future weather patterns.
D) It estimates the number of earthworms present.
Answer: B
17)What is the primary benefit of adding organic matter (like compost) to soil?
A) It makes the soil heavier.
B) It improves soil structure, water retention, and nutrient content.
C) It kills all beneficial microorganisms.
D) It turns the soil blue.
Answer: B
18)If your soil pH is too low (acidic), what amendment might you add to raise it?
A) Sulfur
B) Ammonium sulfate
C) Lime
D) Gypsum
Answer: C
19)Which soil type is generally considered ideal for most vegetable crops due to its balanced properties?
A) Heavy clay
B) Pure sand
C) Loam
D) Silt
Answer: C
20)What is the main purpose of tillage in soil preparation?
A) To compact the soil
B) To improve soil aeration and drainage
C) To remove all beneficial insects
D) To increase soil temperature dramatically
Answer: B
21)When transplanting seedlings, why is it important to minimize root disturbance?
A) To prevent the plant from flowering too early.
B) To reduce transplant shock and allow quicker establishment.
C) To make the leaves bigger.
D) To change the color of the fruit.
Answer: B
22)What is the best time of day to transplant seedlings to minimize stress?
A) Mid-day when the sun is strongest
B) Early morning or late afternoon/evening
C) During heavy rain
D) In the middle of the night
Answer: B
23)Which practice helps settle the soil around newly transplanted seedlings and reduce air pockets?
A) Leaving the soil very loose
B) Watering thoroughly immediately after transplanting
C) Exposing roots to direct sunlight
D) Adding a layer of concrete
Answer: B
24)Raised beds are often used in horticulture to:
A) Improve drainage and provide better soil control
B) Make plants grow taller automatically
C) Reduce the need for any water
D) Attract more pests
Answer: A
25)What does 'friable' soil refer to?
A) Soil that is hard and compacted
B) Soil that is loose, crumbly, and easily worked
C) Soil that is completely waterlogged
D) Soil that is full of large rocks
Answer: B
26)Which of the following is a primary macronutrient essential for vigorous vegetative growth (leaves and stems)?
A) Phosphorus (P)
B) Potassium (K)
C) Nitrogen (N)
D) Calcium (Ca)
Answer: C
27)A plant showing purple discoloration on its leaves, especially older ones, might be deficient in which nutrient?
A) Nitrogen
B) Phosphorus
C) Potassium
D) Iron
Answer: B
28)Which nutrient is primarily responsible for flower and fruit development, and strong root growth?
A) Nitrogen
B) Phosphorus
C) Potassium
D) Magnesium
Answer: B
29)What does N-P-K on a fertilizer bag represent?
A) Net Plant Kingdom
B) Nutrient Production Key
C) Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium percentage
D) Natural Plant Killer
Answer: C
30)Yellowing of older leaves, especially between the veins, while veins remain green, is a common symptom of deficiency in which micronutrient?
A) Boron
B) Zinc
C) Iron
D) Molybdenum
Answer: C
31)Which of these is an organic source of nutrients for plants?
A) Urea
B) Superphosphate
C) Compost
D) Muriate of Potash
Answer: C
32)The application method where diluted nutrients are sprayed directly onto plant leaves is called:
A) Broadcasting
B) Banding
C) Foliar feeding
D) Side-dressing
Answer: C
33)Which nutrient is crucial for overall plant vigor, disease resistance, and fruit quality (often called the "quality element")?
A) Nitrogen
B) Phosphorus
C) Potassium
D) Sulfur
Answer: C
34)If a soil test indicates very high levels of a particular nutrient, what should be your approach?
A) Apply more of that nutrient to ensure saturation.
B) Reduce or eliminate the application of that nutrient to avoid toxicity.
C) It doesn't matter; keep applying as usual.
D) Dig up the plant and replant it.
Answer: B
35)What is 'fertigation'?
A) Applying fertilizer by hand.
B) Applying fertilizer through the irrigation system.
C) Mixing fertilizer with sand.
D) Burying fertilizer bags in the soil.
Answer: B
36)In India, which season is generally considered ideal for growing most warm-season vegetables like tomatoes and chilies?
A) Winter
B) Monsoon
C) Summer
D) Late autumn
Answer: C (Though depends on specific region, Summer/Post-monsoon are major for warm season crops.)
37)A healthy seedling should ideally have:
A) A very long stem with few leaves
B) Pale yellow leaves
C) Stocky growth, good root development, and healthy green leaves
D) Signs of insect damage
Answer: C
38)What is the benefit of rotating crops in a vegetable garden?
A) It ensures the same nutrients are always depleted.
B) It helps break pest and disease cycles and improves soil health.
C) It makes the garden look neater.
D) It means you never have to add water.
Answer: B
39)Mulching around vegetable plants primarily helps with:
A) Increasing weed growth
B) Suppressing weeds, conserving soil moisture, and moderating soil temperature
C) Attracting more pests
D) Making the soil harder
Answer: B
40)Which tool is most commonly used for loosening soil and preparing seedbeds?
A) Pruning shears
B) Spade or garden fork
C) Watering can
D) Measuring tape
Answer: B
41)Which of the following describes a soil that drains too quickly and has low water retention?
A) Clay soil
B) Loamy soil
C) Sandy soil
D) Silt soil
Answer: C
42)The process by which plants convert sunlight into energy is called:
A) Respiration
B) Transpiration
C) Photosynthesis
D) Germination
Answer: C
43)A deficiency of calcium in vegetables can lead to:
A) Excessive leaf growth
B) Blossom end rot in tomatoes and peppers
C) Purple leaves
D) Rapid stem elongation
Answer: B
44)Which of these is a common pest that attacks young seedlings?
A) Ladybugs
B) Earthworms
C) Aphids
D) Bees
Answer: C
45)The ideal pH range for most vegetable crops is generally:
A) 3.0-4.5 (very acidic)
B) 8.0-9.5 (very alkaline)
C) 6.0-7.0 (slightly acidic to neutral)
D) 1.0-2.0 (extremely acidic)
Answer: C
46)What is the term for a young plant that has just emerged from a seed?
A) Cutting
B) Tuber
C) Seedling
D) Bulb
Answer: C
47)What is the purpose of spacing plants correctly when transplanting?
A) To make the garden look sparse.
B) To provide adequate light, air circulation, and nutrient availability for each plant.
C) To encourage pest infestation.
D) To reduce the need for watering.
Answer: B
48)Which factor primarily influences the timing of planting vegetable seeds or seedlings?
A) The color of the gardening gloves
B) Soil temperature and frost dates
C) The phase of the moon
D) The price of gardening tools
Answer: B
49)Too much nitrogen fertilizer can lead to:
A) Excellent fruit production
B) Excessive leafy growth at the expense of flowering and fruiting
C) Stronger root systems
D) Increased disease resistance
Answer: B
50)The term 'organic' in gardening generally refers to:
A) Using only genetically modified organisms.
B) Growing plants without the use of synthetic pesticides or fertilizers.
C) Growing plants indoors only.
D) Using only chemical solutions.
Answer: B
Important Definition / Questions
*What is Horticulture ?
Answer : Horticultureis the art and science of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, trees, shrubs and ornamental plants.
*What is pomology ?
Answer : Pomology is a branch of botany that studies fruits and their cultivation.
*What is floriculture ?
Answer : Floriculture is the study of the efficient production of the plants that produce showy, colorful flowers and foliage.
*What is olericulture ?
Answer : Olericulture is the science of vegetable growing, dealing with the culture of non-woody plants for food.
*What is viticulture ?
Answer: The cultivation and harvesting of grapes. It is a branch of the science of horticulture. While the native territory of Vitis vinifera, the common grape vine.
*What is livestock ?
Answer: Livestock are the domesticated animals that are raised in an agricultural setting to provide labour and produce diversified products for consumption.
*What is agronomy ?
Answer: Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and using plants by agriculture for food, fuel, fiber, chemicals, recreation, or land conservation.
*What is Hybrid seed ?
Answer: Hybrid seed is produced by deliberately cross-pollinating parent plants which are genetically distinct. The parents are usually two inbred strains.
*What is soil pH ?
Answer: Soil pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a soil. Soil pH is a key characteristic that can be used to make informative analysis.
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